Resource Management Glossary National †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Resource Management Glossary National. Answer: Introduction: The top ten spending cuts as follows: National Disability Insurance Scheme Savings Fund suffering a $2,186 million cut; Higher Education Reform - further consultation suffering a $1,982 million cut; $1,424 million cut or Public Sector Transformation and the Efficiency Dividend; $1,103 million cut for Jobs for Families Package - deferred implementation; $1,152 million cut for Aged Care Provider Funding - further revision of the Aged Care Funding Instrument; Medicare Benefits Schedule - pause indexation suffering a $925 million cut; Asset Recycling Initiative - return of unallocated funds suffering a $854 million cut; $494 million cut for Youth Employment Package - Work for the Dole reform; Industry Skills Fund efficiencies suffering a $223 million cut and Job Commitment Bonus cessation suffering a $242 million cut ((Blumer, 2016). The top ten largest programs for expenditure are as follows: Revenue Assistance to the States and Territories with $61,265 million; Income support for seniors with $45,374 million ;Medicare benefits taking $21,956 million ; Family tax benefit with $19,341; Assistance to the States for public hospitals taking $17,912 million; $17,056 million was allocated to Income Support for People with Disability; Residential and flexible care with $11,319 million; Pharmaceutical and pharmaceutical services taking $10,800 million; Non-government schools - national support with $10,554 million and Job seeker income support taking $10,458 million (Blumer, 2016). Assistance to States for public hospital expenditure ranks fifth with revenue assistance to the State and Territories ranking first. Assistance to States for public hospital expenditure saw an increase in spending due to the rise in demand for various programs in the medical services and benefits and pharmaceuticals services and benefits. States also got assistance for public hospitals sun functions (Australian Government, n.d.). Other reasons for the increase in spending are an increase in the demand for health services as well as a rise in the population many of which are aged and this keeps driving up health costs. The federal government injection of $18.6 billion in education over the next ten years takes the largest portion of the budgets spending. However, this injection comes with one specific restriction, it is tied to improving the performance of students and will prevent states from reducing their budget for education and cost-shifting (Balogh, 2017). This means that more than twenty elite schools in certain states like New South Wales and Queensland will lose money and other will have their funds frozen. But, public schools will win with these reforms as their funding will increase. Eve primary school student will pay $10,953 yearly and $13,764 for students in secondary school. The Australian economy so exposed to a China downturn because it is very depend on the economic growth of China and any trouble with its economy could be disastrous for Australia. This is because during the financial crisis a decade ago, China was the one that saved capitalism from the problems it created itself (Verrender, 2017). The Chinese economy was the sole drive of global economic growth during that time which create a substantial raise in debt and investment (Balogh, 2017). It has been very difficult to curb these excesses and his has created a lot of problems such whether or not Chinas economy will suffer a hard landing. Even if this does not happen, a slight slow in the countrys economy would be disastrous for Australia. Even though Australias debt has been going up ever since the global financial crisis, it is till considerably low compared to most developed countries with advanced economies. The majority of Australia industries are open to international competition and possess skilled available workers which makes the country attractive to foreign investment. The governments withdrawal from most areas of the market has ensured that the competition in various sectors like financial services has improved. In 2012, the countrys net debt to gross domestic product ration was at 11.6% and was predicated to rise to 12.7% in 2013 (Carmignani, White, 2013). In 2016 the countrys net debt was almost at $326 billion; this is 19 percent of the gross domestic product. In the most recent budget university students are losers because the funding for Universities was reduced by 2.8 billion for a 4 year period effective from 2018. Effective January 2018, university students will face higher fees starting at 1.8% in next year which will be a total increase of 7.8% percent by the time we reach 2021 (Etax, 2017). Depending on the course a student is taking, he or she will pay an additional $1,000 to $3,600 for a course that last four years. For instance for a four year nursing course next year, the fees will increase from $26,550 to $27,800 with the government subsidies of $55,700 through the Commonwealth Grants. Small businesses are losers especially those who depend on foreign workers because they will have to helping in raising $1.5 billion for the Skilling Australians Fund (Kainth, 2017). There will be a yearly foreign worker levy of $1,200 or $1,800 per employees who are looking for temporary work visas. Companies sponsoring permanent skilled workers will pay will deal with a $3,000 or $5,000 one-off levy. Health will be a loser in the most recent budget due the fact that Medicare Levy will increase from 2 percent to 2.5 percent which is an extra $8.2 billion over a period of four years which will double the number of households affected. The extra funds will be put in the National Disability Insurance Scheme (Massola, 2017). This increase, even if it is just by half a percentage, will cause middle income workers, under the Coalition to carry the majority of the burden compared to those who are under Labor. In other words, effective July 1 2019, any Australian under Coalition earning $200,000 will have to 34.1 average tax rate but those under Labor will paying 34.3 percent average tax rate. There are various things in the budget that are worth about $1.6 billion that are still not yet made public. Further an approximate amount of $2 billion saving in 2019 is still nor disclosed (Leslie, Donoughue, Elvery, 2016). The government does not have a lot of time and must announce these remaining items within ten days when the campaigns starts. When this is done they might be some new losers and winners. The government is involved in healthcare for various reasons. The government is responsible for purchasing and providing health care, ensure that the vulnerable populations have access to quality care as well as minimize medical errors and improve patient safety. Other reasons why the government is involved in health include control of health care markets, support the development of new health technologies and practices, regulate and monitor quality of care, build a healthcare workforce as well as bring together health care decision makers as well as other stakeholders within the health care system (PBS News Hour, 2013). To summarize, the government is involved in end in health care to protect the interests of a society by ensure that high quality health care is provided. The Australian federal government is expected to spend $464.26 billion in the next financial year. There will be a decrease in the general public services due to specific discount rate that were used in superannuation. Defense will see an increase in spending due to the funding that will be needed to accomplish plans described in the 2016 defense white paper. Spending on education will also increase to accomplish the Quality Schools policy (Australian Government, n.d.). Spending the on health will also increase as well as social security and welfare expenses. Housing and community amenities and transport and communication on the other will experience a decline in expenses. Social security and welfare expenditure incorporates social security and compensation as well as services to individuals the aged, people with disabilities, veterans, children and families as well as the unemployed. Assistance given to the aged makes up the largest percentage of social security and welfare expenditure with 39.4 percent and its divided in to two, income support for seniors and residential and flexible care (Parliament of Australia, 2015). Assistance for families with children comes second with 24.7 percent and its divided in three, family tax benefit, child care fee assistance, and parents income support. Assistance to people with disabilities comes next with 19.2 percent followed by assistance to the unemployed and the sick with 7.4 percent. In Australia, universal health care is provided by Medicare. The cause delivered by Medicare is of high quality, affordable and easily accessible for Australians or any other person who has permanent residency. A person under Medicare can be treated at a public hospital by an appointed doctor. It is not possible to choose your doctor under Medicare or chose the time of admission in the hospital. A person with private cover will have more choices regarding the doctor and the time of admission (Private Health, n.d.). Since Medicare will cover 75 percent of the Medicare Benefits Schedule (MBS) fee for related medical costs, the patient or private insurer is responsible for the remaining 25 percent. Per person, the average health expenditure for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander in 2010-2011 was approximately at $7,995 which was an increase compared to 2008-2009. In 2014 the health expenditure for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander was $468.9 billion which is $43 449 per Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander person (Commonwealth of Australia, 2014). The government gets its revenue many from sources. The number one largest federal revenue source is Individual income tax. Individual income tax is responsible for more than 40 percent of the total federal revenue. Another source of income is payroll taxes which include wages and profits that pay for social security (Australian Bureau of Statics, 2017). Corporate income tax is the next source of federal revenue. Another source of revenue is federal excise taxes which include taxes on a variety of goods and services such as gasoline, alcoholic drinks, airline travel and cigarettes. The next source of federal revenue is estate and gift tax which includes tax on assets like real estate, stocks or cash. General revenue assistance is a widespread category of payments that are made available to States so that they can spend them in accordance with specific activities that are priority in their budget. General revenue assistance include budget balancing assistance, national compensation policy agreements and compensation payments (Australian Government, n.d.). Specific Purpose Payments on the other hand are used in the achievement of important national policy goals in areas that states might be managing. In other words, there are specific conditions that states must meet in order to get access to specific purpose payments. These areas include social security, education, health and housing and transport. NSPPs (National Specific Purpose Payments) are funding systems through which states are supported by the commonwealth in order to enable them to develop services in crucial sectors. Currently, there are three National Specific Purpose Payments that the commonwealth use to make these payments; these include the national Skills and Workforce Development, the National Affordable Housing and the National Disability Services (Australian, Government Department of Finance, n.d.). It is required that states spend NPPs in the concerned sectors. Regarding MBS, the Australian government has done an allocation of $33.8 million of new retinal photography equipment that will be enhance the diagnosis process for patients who suffer from diabetic retinopathy in rural as well as regional areas. Another $3 million will kept for new debates on MRI scans for patients suffering from breast cancer (Scott, 2016). Concerning the MBS and veterans benefits, the government included various things such as the alliance of 57 skin service items, additional objects to test various number of allergens simultaneously as well limiting the co-claiming of certain items for varicose treatment where it is clinically appropriate. A health care home is a home base responsible for coordinating complex care for individuals who suffer from chronic and challenging conditions. Health care homes benefit patients in many ways especial those who have several chronic illnesses. They reduce the burden patients have to carry by coordinating their care leaving them with a clear mind that will enable them to easily detect symptoms, keep track of appointments, medications and advice from health care professionals (Australian, Government Department of Health, 2017). Health care homes enhances the quality of care of care as they make it possible for patients and their care team to develop a treatment plan that will enable patients to effectively manage their conditioning. References Australian Government. (n.d.). Statement 5: Expenses and Net Capital Investment. Retrieved from https://www.budget.gov.au/2016-17/content/bp1/html/bp1_bs5-01.htm Australian Government. (n.d.). Statement 6: Expenses and Net Capital Investment. Retrieved from https://www.budget.gov.au/2017-18/content/bp1/download/bp1_bs6.pdf Australian Bureau of Statics. (2017). Taxation Key Figures. Retrieved from https://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/mf/5506.0 Australian Government. Part 3: General Revenue Assistance. Retrieved from https://www.budget.gov.au/2011-12/content/bp3/html/bp3_04_part_3.htm Australian, Government Department of Health. (2017). Health Care Homes: for consumers. Retrieved from https://www.health.gov.au/internet/main/publishing.nsf/content/health-care-homes Australian, Government Department of Finance. (n.d.). Resource Management glossary - national specific purpose payments. Retrieved from https://www.finance.gov.au/resource-management/pgpa-glossary/national-specific-purpose-payments/ Blumer, C. (2016). Budget 2016 cheat sheet: What you need to know. Retrieved from https://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-05-03/budget-2016-cheat-sheet-charts/7359608 Balogh, S. (2017). Budget 2017: schools funds tied to outcomes. Retrieved from https://www.theaustralian.com.au/budget-2017/budget-2017-schools-funds-tied-to-outcomes/news-story/4d6c78a98b51af82c9ed5cf2f980e72e Commonwealth of Australia. (2014). the 2014 Indigenous Expenditure Report. Retrieved from https://www.pc.gov.au/research/ongoing/indigenous-expenditure-report/2014/indigenous-expenditure-report-2014.pdf Etax. (2017). 2017 Budget for Students: Winners and Losers. Retrieved from https://www.etax.com.au/2017-budget-for-students/ Evershed, N. (2016). Your tax dollars: how is the government spending your money in the 2016 federal budget? Retrieved from https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/datablog/ng-interactive/2016/may/03/your-tax-dollars-how-is-the-government-spending-your-money Carmignani, F., White, G. (2013). Fact Check: how strong is Australias economy? Retrieved from https://theconversation.com/factcheck-how-strong-is-australias-economy-16716 Kainth, S. (2017). Australian visas to cost more from 1 July 2017. Retrieved from https://www.sbs.com.au/yourlanguage/punjabi/en/article/2017/05/10/australian-visas-cost-more-1-july-2017 Leslie, T., Donoughue, P., Elvery, S. Budget 2016: Winners and losers. Retrieved from https://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-05-03/budget-2016-winners-losers/7338448 Massola, J. (2017). More households worse off under Coalition's Medicare levy rise. Retrieved from https://www.margaretrivermail.com.au/story/4700830/more-households-worse-off-under-coalitions-medicare-levy-rise/ Private Health. (n.d.). What is covered by Medicare? Retrieved from https://www.privatehealth.gov.au/healthinsurance/whatiscovered/medicare.htm Parliament of Australia. (2015). What counts as welfare spending? Retrieved from https://www.aph.gov.au/About_Parliament/Parliamentary_Departments/Parliamentary_Library/pubs/rp/rp1516/WelfareSpend PBS News Hour. (2013). What role should the government play in the health care of its citizens? Retrieved from https://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/government_programs-july-dec13-aca_11-28/ Scott, S. (2016). Budget 2016: Medicare Benefits Schedule overhauled, Government to reap $50m in savings. Retrieved from https://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-05-03/budget-2016-medicare-benefits-schedule-overhauled/7380580 Verrender, I. (2017). The trouble with the Chinese economy and what it means for Australia. Retrieved from https://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-05-22/the-trouble-with-china-and-what-it-means-for-australia/8545886

Spoken free essay sample

â€Å"Some days, I happily trot to the bright, white refrigerator that greets me with its joyful hum. I feel I did well today; I deserve a yogurt. I smile as I grab a spoon and open the refrigerator door and see†¦ nothing. The smile vanishes. My yogurt is gone. The spoon slips out of my hand and clatters to the floor as my world is suddenly devoid of color. I hear the murderous music from Psycho playing in the background, as rage boils through my veins. My vision turns red, as my body cries out for revenge.† I take a dramatic pause and hastily eye the audience from the podium. I snagged everyone’s attention, even the deadbeat dad who has been on his laptop for the past hour. Exhaling, I try and deepen my soprano to make it even more ludicrous. â€Å"The refrigerator stops humming.† The crowd of parents and peers alike erupts into guffaws, giggles, and whoops of hysterical laughter. We will write a custom essay sample on Spoken or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I pause a moment to cease my own snickering; it seems unprofessional, but why not laugh at your own jokes? The Young Writers Conference showcase, was where I stood at a podium and shared my true voice for the first time, and people listened. I told the inflated story of what occurred when my brother returned home from college: an unassuming tale about pilfered nourishment. I made the audience chortle, and cry, with something I composed, a hyperbole that sprang from my mind like Athena from Zeus. I was proud to have spoken, to have released my thoughts and to have made them a physical reality. I was uniquely humorous in a room of other original oddballs; I had a voice in my writing. I could Scheherazade like no other. People chuckled at accounts of accidentally punching myself in the eye, or running into a house. It made me exuberant to know that I could elicit a smile with words. The surprise was that I have a sense of humor. I do not often talk aloud; I listen and construct my thoughts rather than express them. To my peers I may seem quiet, but I am much more than a quaint, petite girl with a country accent; more like a six foot three, fast talking, quick witted amazon who likes to squeeze grins out of people. Albeit, that side was rarely heard. Words are my megaphone, my way of calling out to the world in a never ending apostrophe. This is the real me, right here! Disregard how I seem, my interior is much funnier! That day, the first time I evoked emotion using nothing more than paper and a quivering voice, revealed that I have ideas, sentiments, emotions, opinions, and vignettes to voice and not fear persecution. I know humanity will listen, and I am no longer afraid to speak. I have a voice now, a resonant one; one that will never falter or break, become flagged or hackneyed. My voice will always be heard.

The Samurai Impact on Society

The Samurai Impact on SocietyWhen I first encountered the Samurai impact on society, I thought it was a hoax. Although there was some research being done by scholars and others, no one seemed to believe that the military empire of Japan had changed the course of history for the better. But I have found that the Samurai effect on society is real and has been with us for more than two centuries now.The idea of the Samurai effect on society is to go back to the way of life of the Samurai. Their experience in battle prepared them for the harsh reality of living in society. In other words, the Samurai created the modern society we live in today. They learned how to survive in civilized society in a time when most people were uncivilized. In other words, they built civilization.As a result, they are well known in modern society for their remarkable skills as warriors. We know that some of the best martial artists in the world are not samurai warriors. We also know that they are the ones wh o have had the most impact on society and history. The following are some of the theories surrounding the Samurai impact on society.Firstly, when the Samurai came into existence, they went through a period of civil war. This was caused by different factions trying to survive in a society where there was no stability. This made them think long and hard about whether or not to continue their warrior ways.Secondly, as the samurai made their way through the social structure of society, they became trained to use their swords and cleavers (a sword held in the hand). When they entered the next phase of the development of civilization, they recognized that their skills as warriors were a sign of strength and courage. So, the next stage was to allow them to share in the concepts of civilization.Thirdly, the Samurai were able to adapt to the changing environment because they recognized that civilization was changing. When the rest of society changed from uncivilized to the way of living it t ook for granted, the Samurai already knew that they were part of the system. By the time they began to show an interest in the social changes taking place, their techniques for fighting had been passed down for centuries.The Samurai effect on society, like many theories surrounding the Samurai, may not be accurate. However, one thing is certain; the Samurai legacy of being able to survive the challenges of living in society has left an impression on the present generation and will have long lasting effects on the way of life that future generations will inherit.

Bradley University - Acceptance Rate, Costs, and More

Bradley University - Acceptance Rate, Costs, and More Students applying to Bradley University need to submit an online application, high school transcripts, a personal statement, scores from the SAT or ACT, and a letter of recommendation. Bradley University has an acceptance rate of 70  percent. It is fairly selective, since about one-third of those applying will not get in. Students with good grades and test scores above average have a decent chance of being admitted, provided they meet the rest of the admissions requirements. Will You Get In? Calculate Your Chances of Getting In  with this free tool from Cappex Admissions Data (2016) Bradley University Acceptance Rate: 70%GPA, SAT and ACT Graph for Bradley AdmissionsTest Scores: 25th / 75th PercentileSAT Critical Reading: 480 / 620SAT Math: 480 / 620​What these SAT numbers meanMissouri Valley Conference SAT comparisonACT Composite: 22  / 28ACT English: 22 / 29ACT Math: 22 / 27​What these ACT numbers meanMissouri Valley Conference ACT comparison Bradley University Description Bradley Universitys 84-acre campus is located one mile from downtown Peoria, Illinois. Undergraduates can choose from over 100 programs spread across the universitys five colleges: Business Administration, Communications Fine Arts, Education Health Sciences, Engineering Technology, Liberal Arts Sciences. The university has wide-ranging academic strengths, and all five colleges are popular with undergraduates. Bradley has a 12 to 1  student/faculty ratio  and an average class size of 21 students. Students come from most states and 44 countries. On the athletic front, the Bradley Braves compete in the NCAA Division I  Missouri Valley Conference. Enrollment (2016) Total Enrollment: 5,598  (4,473 undergraduates)Gender Breakdown: 49% Male / 51% Female96% Full-time Costs (2016 - 17) Tuition and Fees: $32,120Books: $1,200 (why so much?)Room and Board: $10,010Other Expenses: $2,240Total Cost: $45,570 Bradley University Financial Aid (2015- 16) Percentage of New Students Receiving Aid: 99%Percentage of New Students Receiving Types of AidGrants: 98%Loans: 69%Average Amount of AidGrants: $17,367Loans: $7,580 Academic Programs Most Popular Majors:  Accounting, Business Administration, Civil Engineering, Elementary Education, English, Health Professions, Marketing, Mechanical Engineering, Nursing, Political Science, Psychology, Public RelationsWhat major is right for you?  Sign up to take the free My Careers and Majors Quiz at Cappex. Retention and Graduation Rates First Year Student Retention (full-time students): 87%4-Year Graduation Rate: 54%6-Year Graduation Rate: 74% Intercollegiate Athletic Programs Mens Sports:  Baseball, Soccer, Golf, Basketball, Track and Field, Soccer, Cross CountryWomens Sports:  Track and Field, Softball, Volleyball, Cross Country, Basketball, Golf Data Source National Center for Educational Statistics Bradley and the Common Application Bradley University uses the Common Application. These articles can help guide you: Common Application essay tips and samplesShort answer tips and samplesSupplemental essay tips and samples

Putting grammar in its place - Emphasis

Putting grammar in its place Putting grammar in its place For a writing-training company, we run surprisingly few grammar and punctuation courses. To be more precise, we run few courses that focus solely on grammar and punctuation even though more people come to us asking for training in just this area than in any other. And why? Are we phasing the subjects out? Do we not think them important? Has everyone, including us, given up caring? Goodness, no. The fact that our clients often dont end up taking a grammar and punctuation course is not because were keeping it all for ourselves. Rather, its that when they describe their needs in more detail, it often turns out that theyre looking for something broader than just grammar and punctuation. Grammar can be a red herring Most people have a clear idea of what punctuation is, but grammars a little tougher to define. Putting it broadly, grammar is the structure of language: things such as different word classes (verbs, nouns, adjectives, etc) and how words relate to each other or change to show different inflections (such as number, tense and case). However, thanks to the promulgation of so-called rules such as dont start a sentence with a conjunction or dont split infinitives, grammar can seem like a narrow set of procedures that you have to master in order to write well. Peevish articles that get passed around online only add to the misapprehensions (many have cited this one, to which writer and editor Stan Carey has written this comprehensive reply). Such articles tend to further muddy already murky waters by confusing personal preferences or long-standing superstitions (which are usually just extremely old personal preferences) with genuine guidance on rules that will give your writing real clarity. For example, contrast the rule about misplaced modifiers, where the writer inadvertently modifies the wrong part of the sentence, with the superstition that its wrong to put prepositions at the end of a sentence. It does make sense to avoid misplaced modifiers, such as: Showing strong growth, the chief executive presented an impressive set of results. These can bewilder your reader or undermine your writing (not to mention anger chief executives who dont care to have attention drawn to their waistlines). Ending on a preposition, however, is no barrier to clarity. When people approach us with grammar and punctuation on their minds, it may be that theyve noticed errant apostrophes in their teams work, that the writing isnt following a logical structure, or simply that theyre not getting the results they want. Improving writing skills can make a great difference, but theres more to it than blindly following prescriptive mandates. The bigger picture On her academic writing blog, Explorations of style, English language lecturer Rachael Cayley points out that fretting about grammar in isolation, as if it were some loose screw that needed tightening, misses the point and can actually be counterproductive. Improving your writing isnt just fiddling with technicalities and arcane rules, she says. It is a matter of thinking deeply about your ideas and your communicative intent. Theres plenty more to think about when it comes to good writing: planning; structuring (yes, sentences, but also your entire document); drawing the reader in and keeping them hooked; building your argument; picking the best word for the job; and always (always!) considering the needs of the reader. So were not saying grammar isnt important. Of course it is. Its just not the whole story. If you want to have a chat about where grammar fits into your companys story, or how you can get the results youre looking for, call us on +44 (0)1273 732 888. Or take a look online at the courses we offer.

The relation between domestic terrorism and armed forces in the U.S Essay

The relation between domestic terrorism and armed forces in the U.S. in mid-90s - Essay Example Domestic terrorism has existed and influenced the political and social structure of the United States, to varying degrees, since this country's inception. The United States Department of Justice defines domestic terrorism as: "The unlawful use of force or violence, committed by a group(s) of two or more individuals, against persons or property to intimidate or coerce a government, the civilian population, or any segment thereof, in furtherance of political or social objectives."1 Historically there have been limited cases or incidents of domestic terrorism in which active duty military personnel have been involved or implicated, most probably due to the rigid structure and character of the military environment. Although terrorism has plagued governments, and public and private institutions for centuries in one form or another, its application and the strategies associated with it have evolved as surely as the societies upon which it is imposed. Technological advances particularly in the transportation, communication and weapons field, have facilitated the abilities of modern-day domestic terrorist groups to get their message out and has improved their capacity to take violent action to achieve their goals. Recent incidents, particularly the Weaver family incident at Ruby Ridge, Idaho, and the incident at the Branch Davidian compound near Waco, Texas, have brought into question the extent to which government interdiction of armed citizen groups is actually le gitimate before it violates their Constitutional civil rights. Additionally, to what extent is the use of force against these groups acceptable In February of 1995, President Clinton introduced a counterterrorism bill into the Senate and House of Representatives. Among other extremely controversial proposals in the bill, the Department of Defense would be assigned an increased role in assisting in the investigation of domestic terrorism incidents in which chemical and biological agents were used (currently the military can be utilized in cases of terrorism in which nuclear weapons or devices are suspected or confirmed).2 Although the increased role for the military would be very limited, requiring further amendment to the Posse Comitatus Act of 1878, civil liberties experts warn that it would violate the tenants of "civil supremacy over the military" and would further kindle the animosities and anti-government sentiment of the citizen-militias and conspiracy theorists.3 Additionally, many Congressmen, law-enforcement officials and some military advisers agree that such uses of the military would be an extremely dangerous avenue of approach to combating domestic terrorism. Apparent Motivation There are basically four categories into which groups that are regarded as domestic terrorists can be distinguished currently existing in the United States. These groups can be generically delineated as being either motivated by: (1) religious

Instructional Approaches Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Instructional Approaches - Essay Example The articles selected for analysis reflect different instructional approaches and illustrate different methods and techniques used in social sciences. The article "Literary Studies and Cognitive Science: Toward a New Interdisciplinary" by M. Th. Crane and A. Richardson discuss a new interdisciplinary approach applied to literary studies and social sciences. In this article, a special attention is given to cognitive learning approach and its application. the authors underline that building on earlier theories of learning, researchers working toward interactive technologies perceived limitations in earlier methods. By developing theories that emphasize synthesis and integration of sets of knowledge and skills, researchers hope to address such limitations as an emphasis on components instead of integrated wholes, a closed system that made incorporation of new knowledge difficult, which resulted in essentially passive instruction and labor intensive practice in design and development of instruction. The authors state that the teacher provides modeling of the metacognitive strategies necessary for beginning the task, and, when problems are encountered, assistance is provided by the teacher or group. One learning procedure reflecting this stance, complex dynamic simulations, structures collaborative group work in sharing a complex problem-solving task. This approach is based on theories about the social genesis of learning in which the learner is characterized as being motivated to seek explanations through exploration. The article "Using Piaget's Theory of Cognitive Development to Understand the Construction of Healing Narratives" by C. P. Cook-Cottone analyses instructional approaches and learning theories in terms of the Narrative Process. The Healing Narrative Model is based on the structured approach. It means that one is that learning should be contextual and a process of active application of knowledge toward specific problem-solving goals. Also, the article pays a special attention to experiential (or sensorimotor) level and early relationships (or Preoperational) level. An initial authoring activity in instructional design is a clarification of the learning goal for the instruction and/or curriculum. The specification of the goal(s) will help prescribe the format of the instruction. For example, if the goal is the learning of new information, there are basically possibilities. Second is the general agreement regarding the importance of modeling problem-solving strategies as well as the role of conflict or failure in providing an impetus toward new learning. The research by Harris and Pressley, M. (1991) describes bad illustrates the cognitive strategy instruction:. The authors underline that in contrast to the behaviorist view of the learner as shaped by the environment, cognitivebased researchers are investigating the ways that the learner actively shapes the environment to facilitate learning. His research indicates that the knowledge of novices is organized around the literal aspects of a problem statement, whereas the experts' knowledge is organized around principles and abstractions not apparent in the problem